Number Systems and Properties - Rational and irrational numbers - Absolute value and opposites - Prime factorization, LCM/GCD, exponents and roots - Scientific notation and estimation
Fractions, Decimals, and Percent Applications - Conversions between forms - Percent increase/decrease, discounts, profit/loss, tax - Multi-step word problems with percentages - Comparing ratios and proportional quantities
Expressions, Equations, and Inequalities - Simplifying algebraic expressions - Solving multi-step linear equations and inequalities - Equations with parentheses and variables on both sides - Representing and interpreting solutions on number lines
Functions and Sequences - Understanding input-output rules and function tables - Linear and simple non-linear patterns - Arithmetic and geometric sequences - Using function notation and interpreting graphs
Geometry and Coordinate Reasoning - Angles, triangles, and polygons: properties and angle sums - Parallel lines cut by a transversal - Perimeter, area, and volume of 2D and 3D figures - Coordinate geometry: distance, midpoint, gradient
Transformations and Symmetry - Translations, reflections, rotations, and dilations - Identifying symmetry and congruence - Describing transformations algebraically and graphically - Tessellations and geometric pattern investigations
Data Analysis and Visual Representation - Reading and creating histograms, box plots, and double bar graphs - Measures of central tendency and spread - Interpreting misleading graphs - Using data to make decisions and predictions
Probability and Combinatorics - Theoretical vs. experimental probability - Tree diagrams and outcome tables - Simple permutations and combinations - Using probability in games and simulations
Logical Reasoning and Problem Solving - Multi-step logic puzzles, constraints, and grid problems - Deductive and inductive reasoning - Error analysis and correcting flawed reasoning - Justifying conclusions with evidence
Modelling and Real-World Applications - Graphing and interpreting real-world data (e.g. population growth, speed-time) - Budgeting, scaling, and conversion problems - Modelling using equations, inequalities, or graphs - Investigations (e.g., “Design a fair game”, “Estimate school water use”)